Raymond Ibrahim justly skewers Georgetown Islamic specialist John Esposito for his influential misrepresentation of the Muslim practice of “jizya,” a tax exacted from conquered non-Muslims. Esposito claims the jizya buys “protection from outside aggression and exempted them from military service,” which meant “lower taxes, greater local autonomy.” In fact, it was (and is in parts of Syria and Iraq) the only alternative to conversion to Islam or death. Middle East studies specialists regularly misrepresent Islamic practices in this manner.