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President Trump this week issued a direct threat: “Cut off all trade with Spain” and “we don’t want anything to do with Spain” after Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez (above) refused U.S. access to the Rota and Morón air bases for current Iran operations.

Middle East Forum Online

The Spanish Sabotage: How NATO’s Weakest Link Endangers the War Effort

Madrid Has Transitioned from a Passive Free-Rider to an Active Obstructionist

April 5, 2026

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Libya now sits on the edge of the Mediterranean with enough crude to matter to European refineries and global markets. Yet its output remains hostage to militia calculus rather than market signals.

Middle East Forum Online

Libya’s Oil Trap: 81 Percent Recovery of Production Yet Militias Persist 15 Years After NATO

Libya’s Oil Output Remains Hostage to Militia Calculus Rather than Market Signal

April 5, 2026

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Mohammad Javad Zarif, Iran’s former foreign minister, in a 2019 file photo.

Middle East Forum Observer

Is Zarif’s Peace Plan a Real Alternative or Political Maneuver?

Some Iranian Observers Interpret the Proposal as an Attempt by the Reformist Camp to Reassert Its Political Relevance

April 5, 2026

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